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Egyptian coffins stand out in museums' collections for their lively
and radiant appearance. As an involucre of the mummy, coffins
played a key-role by protecting the body and at the same time,
integrating the deceased in the afterlife. The paramount importance
of these objects and their purpose is detected in the ways they
changed through time. For more than three thousand years, coffins
and tombs had been designed to assure in the most efficient way
possible a successful outcome for the difficult transition to the
afterlife. This book examines twelve non-royal tombs found
relatively intact, from the plains of Saqqara to the sacred hills
of Thebes. These almost undisturbed burial sites managed to escape
ancient looters and became adventurous events of the Egyptian
archaeology. These discoveries are described from the Mariette's
exploration of the Mastaba of Ti in Saqqara to Schiaparelli's
discovery of the Tomb of Kha and Merit in Deir el-Medina. Each one
of these sites unveil before our eyes a time capsule, where coffins
and tombs were designed together as part of a social, political,
and religious order. From the Pre-dynastic times to the decline of
the New Kingdom, this book explores each site revealing the
interconnection between mummification practices, coffin decoration,
burial equipment, tomb decoration and ritual landscapes. Through
this analysis, the author aims to point out how the design of
coffins changed through time in order to empower the deceased with
different visions of immortality. By doing so, the study of coffins
reveal a silent revolution which managed to open to the common men
and women horizons of divinity previously reserved to the royal
sphere. Coffins thus show us how identity was forged to create an
immortal and divine self.
Cross-referencing visual depictions with the more meagre
archaeological record, this study presents a typology of this
significant artefact. It examines the ritual uses of the amulet,
and discusses its symbolic place in Egyptian theology, drawing on
the work of Jan Assman.
This volume, edited by Rogerio Sousa, is part of the scholarly
ferment which has wheeled around the subject of 'coffin' during the
last twenty years. Its magic and religious evaluation identifies it
from time to time as body container, but at the same time
substitute body for the deceased, a maternal womb in which the
regeneration will occur, a microcosm, tomb, funerary temple, as
well as a conduit to the dead, a powerful tool activated by means
of the Opening of the Mouth ritual. -From the Foreword, by Alessia
Amenta In February 2013, the Symposium Body, Cosmos and Eternity:
the Symbolism of Coffins in Ancient Egypt convened at the
historical building of the University of Porto to debate conceptual
frameworks underlying the contemporary study of Egyptian coffins.
Rising from the close association with the depiction of the
mummified body, the anthropoid coffins soon absorbed a rich
mythological imaginary related to the constellation of Nut, the
mother goddess of the sky supposed to give birth to Osiris, and
evolved continuously, integrating larger and more complex sets of
beliefs, mirroring the increasingly bolder use of coffins in the
funerary rituals. It was this complex set of beliefs involving the
coffin that we proposed to explore in this series of symposia.
Following our original purpose, the studies presented in this
volume display an excellent overview on the new trends of research
on coffin studies, with diverse contributions concerned either with
symbolism or social significance of coffins, museums collections or
archaeological finds. These studies superbly showcase the richness
of coffins as documental sources for the study of Egyptian
religion, economy and society.
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